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What is ITIL? Definition, Framework, and Principles

ITIL is the globally recognised framework for IT service management, guiding organisations in delivering high-quality IT services aligned with business goals. Discover ITIL's principles, updated practices, and how it shapes modern ITSM.
What is ITIL? Definition, Framework, and Principles

What is ITIL?

ITIL, or the Information Technology Infrastructure Library, is a globally adopted framework for IT Service Management (ITSM). Developed in the 1980s and now managed by Axelos, ITIL defines best practices for designing, delivering, and improving IT services to support business objectives. ITIL helps organisations structure their IT processes, roles, and responsibilities to ensure IT services deliver value to customers and the business.

  • ITIL provides a set of detailed practices for ITSM.
  • Focuses on aligning IT with business needs.
  • Enables continual improvement, risk reduction, and service optimisation.

ITIL 4: Key Updates and Improvements

The most recent version, ITIL 4, was introduced by Axelos in 2019 to address modern digital transformation challenges:

  • Emphasises the Service Value System (SVS) and service value chain.
  • Introduces a holistic approach with four dimensions of service management.
  • Focuses on flexible value streams and stakeholder co-creation of value.
  • Updates core ITIL processes to practices, reinforcing continual improvement.
  • Integrates agile, DevOps, and lean methodologies.

Differences from earlier versions:

  • Broader focus from ITSM processes to end-to-end service and value delivery.
  • Greater adaptability for digital businesses and cloud environments.
  • Improved role of value streams and stakeholder experience.

Core Principles of ITIL 4

  • Focus on value
  • Start where you are
  • Progress iteratively with feedback
  • Collaborate and promote visibility
  • Think and work holistically
  • Keep it simple and practical
  • Optimise and automate

Core Processes and Practices

ITIL outlines essential processes for effective IT Service Management within a service lifecycle context. In ITIL 4, these are termed practices:

  • Incident management
  • Problem management
  • Change management
  • Configuration management
  • Service desk
  • Continual improvement
Common ITIL 4 Practices and Purposes
Practice/Process Purpose
Incident management Restore normal service as quickly as possible
Problem management Identify and address root causes of incidents
Change management Ensure controlled and successful implementation of changes
Service desk Provide a single point of contact for IT users and issues
Configuration management Maintain information about IT assets and configurations
Continual improvement Incrementally enhance services and practices

Roles and Responsibilities in ITIL

  • Service owner
  • Process owner
  • Change manager
  • Incident manager
  • Configuration manager

ITIL Certification Pathways

ITIL certification validates IT professionals’ knowledge of ITIL framework, processes, and practices. Certification is managed globally, often starting with the ITIL Foundation and advancing through more specialised levels.

  • ITIL Foundation
  • ITIL 4 Managing Professional
  • ITIL 4 Strategic Leader
  • ITIL Master

Certifications benefit careers in IT service management, IT strategy, and IT governance, and are aligned with globally recognised standards such as ISO/IEC 20000.

Benefits of ITIL

  • Standardises IT service management across the organisation
  • Improves service delivery and quality
  • Facilitates continual improvement and efficiency
  • Reduces IT risks and service outages
  • Enhances collaboration between IT and other business units
  • Supports compliance with international standards
  • Enables measurable value creation for stakeholders

ITIL vs Other ITSM Frameworks

Comparison: ITIL, COBIT, and ISO/IEC 20000
Framework Scope Main Focus Strengths
ITIL IT Service Management Best practices, service lifecycle, continual improvement Comprehensive, widely recognised, flexible
COBIT IT Governance Control, audit, risk management Alignment of IT with business goals, strong compliance
ISO/IEC 20000 IT Service Management standard Certification, compliance, quality management Internationally accredited, structured, measurable

FAQs

What is ITIL and how does it work?

ITIL is a set of best practices and principles for IT service management, helping organisations manage IT services throughout their lifecycle—from strategy to continual improvement—by providing standardised processes and roles.

What is meant by ITIL certification?

ITIL certification demonstrates an individual’s understanding of ITIL concepts, processes, and practices. It verifies their ability to apply ITIL methods to enhance IT service management within organisations.

What are the 5 stages of ITIL?

Earlier versions of ITIL outlined five stages in the service lifecycle: service strategy, service design, service transition, service operation, and continual service improvement. ITIL 4 introduces a more flexible service value system but retains the focus on continual value delivery.

Is ITIL still relevant in 2025?

Yes, ITIL remains highly relevant, especially with updates in ITIL 4 addressing digital transformation, cloud computing, agile, and DevOps methodologies to help organisations modernise their ITSM practices.

How does ITIL compare to COBIT or ISO/IEC 20000?

ITIL offers best practices for ITSM, COBIT focuses on IT governance and control, while ISO/IEC 20000 is an international certification standard for IT service management. Many organisations use ITIL alongside COBIT or ISO/IEC 20000 for a holistic approach.

IT Learning Library™ online training

ITIL framework for IT service management

ITIL is a globally recognised IT service management (ITSM) framework. ITIL 4 is the latest version, evolving from ITIL v3 and previous ITIL versions. ITIL best practices help organisations achieve business goals through efficient ITIL processes and ITIL strategies. The ITIL lifecycle consists of stages critical for service delivery, covering ITIL concepts such as ITIL methodology, ITIL modules, and ITIL functions.

ITIL certification and training

Professionals can pursue ITIL certification, including ITIL foundation and advanced ITIL qualifications. ITIL courses and ITIL training guide candidates to pass the ITIL certification exam and ITIL exam. ITIL implementation ensures that IT services align with business needs and value. ITIL glossary and ITIL guidelines provide resources for ITIL practitioners and IT managers.

ITIL integration with management practices

ITIL integrates with Change management, Incident management, Configuration management, Project management, and Program management. ITIL also supports Risk management, Quality management, Governance, and Corporate governance of information technology. The ITIL framework works alongside COBIT, PRINCE2, Agile software development, DevOps, and Cloud computing. Continual improvement process and Monitoring and evaluation are key ITIL principles for service enhancement.

ITIL roles, functions, and practices

ITIL roles include stakeholders, service providers, and end users. ITIL functions and ITIL practice modules help IT departments manage assets, storage, data centres, and infrastructure. ITIL theory and ITIL practices optimise operational efficiency and customer satisfaction, ensuring service quality and business continuity.

Introduction to ITIL and service management

Introduction overview explains the framework and the roles it assigns, including how IT service processes interlink with business outcomes and governance. ITIL remains a widely used reference for aligning services with measurable business value.

Incident management, service restoration and it asset management

This section describes incident management and service restoration, showing how prompt actions reduce customer impact and how it asset management supports accurate prioritisation. Practical steps include defined ownership, agreed escalation paths and frequent review of incident trends.

Change control, problem resolution and configuration management

Change control and problem resolution reduce repeated failures by combining structured approvals with root cause analysis and configuration management data from the CMDB. Teams should schedule post-implementation reviews and maintain a single source of truth for configuration items.

Service desk, request fulfilment and service catalogue

The service desk is the primary contact for users, supporting request fulfilment and navigation of the service catalogue. Clear triage criteria, self-service options and logging discipline improve response times and drive better reporting.

Capacity planning, availability monitoring and asset lifecycle

Capacity planning and availability monitoring ensure services meet demand while asset lifecycle management controls cost and risk. Regular capacity checks, predictable procurement cycles and lifecycle reviews reduce surprise outages and budget variance.

Problem management, trend analysis and change advisory board

Problem management uses trend analysis and collaboration with the change advisory board to prioritise permanent fixes over repeated quick remedies. Structured problem records and known error documentation improve mean time to resolution.

Core components of the ITIL framework

Core overview outlines practical approaches, typical activities and measurement techniques that support sustained improvement across teams, suppliers and shared services.

Service design, service strategy and service transition

Service design, service strategy and service transition together form the lifecycle activities that translate demand into deliverable, supported services. Design authority, acceptance criteria and controlled handovers reduce duplication and speed delivery.

Availability management, sla definition and service level management

Availability management uses realistic service level targets and supporting operational controls. Well defined SLAs, underpinning contracts and regular review cycles keep expectations aligned and expose unnecessary overhead.

Configuration management, cmdb integration and asset reconciliation

A reliable configuration management database enables impact analysis, faster incident resolution and informed change decisions. Integration, regular reconciliation and data quality governance are critical to keep the CMDB useful.

Release management, deployment planning and automation

Release management reduces risk by planning deployments, coordinating stakeholders and using automation for repeatable, auditable steps. Canary releases, feature toggles and rollback plans make deployment safer.

Service portfolio, supplier management and contract governance

Managing a service portfolio clarifies investment choices while supplier management ensures external work meets agreed outcomes. Contract governance and performance reviews prevent drift and drive supplier improvement.

Implementing ITIL in your organisation

Implementing overview sets out recommended sequencing, stakeholder engagement and capability uplift needed to embed consistent ways of working.

Governance review, policy alignment and roles definition

Governance review aligns policy, risk appetite and decision rights; clear role definition prevents duplicated effort and creates single points of accountability for each process area.

Process mapping, workflow automation and tool selection

Process mapping clarifies handoffs, workflow automation removes toil and careful tool selection avoids vendor lock-in. Lightweight process maps provide immediate clarity without heavy documentation overhead.

Change advisory board, risk assessment and approval gates

A pragmatic change advisory board balances speed with risk control by using approvals, risk categorisation and emergency change protocols that minimise business disruption.

Training and certification, knowledge transfer and competence

Training, certification and structured knowledge transfer build competence and confidence. Practical coaching, shadowing and a maintained knowledge base sustain improvements beyond initial projects.

Tooling strategy, integration patterns and data stewardship

Tooling strategy should favour lightweight integration patterns and clear data stewardship to ensure information flows between service, asset and monitoring systems without creating redundant data silos.

Key ITIL processes and practices

Key processes and practices focus on repeatable routines that protect users and the business while enabling change and innovation.

Service operation, event management and monitoring

Service operation and event management rely on pragmatic monitoring, curated alerts and runbooks so that operators can triage issues quickly and focus on customer impact rather than noise.

Service transition, validation testing and acceptance criteria

Service transition enforces validation testing and agreed acceptance criteria that prevent low-quality releases from entering production, thereby protecting users and reducing rework.

Incident workflow, escalation paths and incident response

Incident workflows include triage, escalation paths and an incident response playbook; rapid communication and a single incident record reduce confusion during high-impact outages.

Problem analysis, proactive remediation and knowledge management

Problem analysis and proactive remediation feed the knowledge management system with known errors and workarounds, making future incidents easier to resolve and avoid.

Service request, fulfilment channels and self-service portals

Service request fulfilment through self-service portals and automation reduces manual work and improves user satisfaction by shortening lead times for routine requests.

Measuring value and continuous improvement

Measurement and continual improvement ensure effort is directed at changes that drive demonstrable value, not just activity.

Key performance indicators, outcome metrics and dashboards

KPI selection prioritises outcome metrics over activity counts; well designed dashboards make it simple for leaders to see trends and decide where to invest improvement effort.

Continuous improvement, review cycles and improvement backlog

Formal review cycles, a prioritised improvement backlog and small, testable changes embed continuous improvement and prevent the backlog from becoming a list of vague intentions.

Service reviews, stakeholder engagement and roadmaps

Regular service reviews involving stakeholders create shared understanding of priorities, capacity and planned roadmaps that guide investment and decommissioning decisions.

Measurement strategy, baselines and incremental targets

A measurement strategy that starts with baselines and small incremental targets avoids chasing vanity metrics and keeps teams focused on sustainable progress.

Value realisation, cost optimisation and reporting cadence

Value realisation links changes to customer outcomes and cost optimisation, and a regular reporting cadence keeps sponsors informed about realised and forecast benefits.

Practical examples and rapid wins

Practical examples help teams choose initial scopes that deliver visible improvements quickly while establishing repeatable mechanics for larger changes.

Quick win projects, automated runbooks and service continuity management

Small automation projects and automated runbooks reduce manual error and improve time to recovery; pairing these with service continuity management efforts increases resilience against wider disruption.

Configuration audits, asset register and supplier rationalisation

Configuration audits and a maintained asset register expose unnecessary services and support supplier rationalisation, freeing budget for higher-value activities.

User feedback loops, satisfaction measures and voice of the customer

Embedding user feedback loops and satisfaction measures makes change decisions more customer centric and helps prioritise what users truly value.

Dashboard pilots, outcome tracking and incremental rollout

Piloting dashboards and tracking a small set of outcomes supports incremental rollout and encourages adoption through visible benefits rather than mandates.

Governance pilots, empowered squads and operational handoffs

Governance pilots with empowered squads demonstrate how operational handoffs can be simplified while preserving necessary controls and auditability.

Conclusion and next steps

Conclusion overview summarises a pragmatic approach: start small, measure outcomes, and expand successful patterns into the wider organisation.

Organisations should reference ITIL guidance when planning staged adoption, using certification and proven practices to accelerate capability building.

Use variations such as itil best practices, itil framework and itil service management to communicate specific approaches to stakeholders and avoid ambiguous language.

Leaders should prioritise practical wins, invest in capability uplift and maintain a small, prioritised improvement backlog to sustain momentum and secure measurable benefits.

In conclusion, progressive adoption, governance and consistent measurement deliver better service outcomes and lower cost of failure. Organisations that combine disciplined process, useful tooling and active stakeholder engagement will see faster, more reliable results.