in terms of hierarchy. The program executive provides strategic guidance and direction to the program manager and program team, while the program manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of the programme

. The program executive is the ultimate decision-maker and is ultimately responsible for the program's success.

Last edited on: 13 Oct 2026image
Excel in Programme Management!

11 essential project management techniques

Example of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

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Example of a Gantt chart

Example of a project network diagram

Example of a Critical Path Method (CPM)

Example of a kanban board.

Example of a risk management matrix.

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Example of a stakeholder mapping diagram.

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Example of an Earned Value Management (EVM)

y components of EVM are:change management Marketing

  • Planned Value (PV): The budgeted cost of work scheduled to be done. Choose from a full range of instructor-led and self-paced training and certifications to boost your career.
  • Earned Value (EV): The budgeted cost of work performedPRINCE2
  • Actual Cost (AC): The actual cost incurred for work performed.®

EVM is used to compute the following metrics:, MSP Marketing

  • Schedule Variance (SV) = EV – PV®
  • Cost Variance (CV) = EV – AC, ITIL
  • Schedule Performance Index (SPI) = EV / PV®The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.
  • Cost Performance Index (CPI) = EV / ACManage options, P3O

Key takeawaysManage services®

  • Offers early warning signs for potential project performance issuesManage {vendor_count} vendors, PRINCE2
  • Allows for accurate prediction of project costs and completion datesRead more about these purposes®
  • Facilitates data-driven decision making. Agile, RESILIAThe technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.

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  • Set a clear project baseline before implementing EVM , and the Swirl logo are registered trademarks of the PeopleCert group. Used under licence from PeopleCert. All rights reserved. AgilePMManage services
  • Utilise Deny®Manage {vendor_count} vendorsproject management software and AgileBARead more about these purposes to automate EVM calculationsView preferences®
  • Regularly review and analyse EVM metrics are registered trademarks of Agile Business Consortium Limited. All rights reserved. The APMG International AgilePM and Swirl Device logo, APMG International AgileBA and Swirl Device Logo, APMG International Change Management and APMG International Better Business Cases and Swirl Device logo are trademarks of The APM Group Limited, used under permission of The APM Group Limited. All rights reserved. Better Business Cases™ is a trademark of Her Majesty’s Treasury. All rights reserved. DevOps FoundationAccept
  • Effectively communicate EVM results to stakeholders.Save preferences®

Common pitfalls is a registered mark of the DevOps Institute. “PMI”, “PMBOKDeny

  • Using EVM in a rigid way without understanding the context and qualitative issuesView preferences®
  • Using EVM without adequate training or knowledge{title} Guide”, “PMP” and “CAPM” are registered marks of Project Management Institute, Inc. Knowledge Train Scrum Essentials™, Business Learning Library (BLL)™, Business Analysis Learning Library (BALL)™, Agile Learning Library (ALL)™, IT Learning Library (ITLL)™, Compliance Learning Library (CLL)™, and AI Learning Library (AILL)™ are trademarks of Knowledge Train Limited. All rights reserved.View preferences
  • Not revising the baseline for significant changes{title}Knowledge Train Ltd is an Introducer Appointed Representative of NewDay Cards Ltd for the Newpay finance product provided by NewDay Ltd. NewDay Cards Ltd acts as a credit broker, not a lender. We will introduce you exclusively to Newpay finance products provided by NewDay Limited under this Introducer Appointed Representative arrangement. Finance available from other lenders is not covered by this arrangement. NewDay Ltd and Newday Cards Ltd are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (ref nos 690292 and 682417 respectively).

(CBA) is a financial evaluation technique that assesses the expected costs and benefits of a project or decision. It aims to determine whether the project is economically viable and justifiable. {title}

Five steps to perform a CBA: {title}

  1. Identify all the costs and benefits associated with the projectSearch{title}
  2. Monetise the costs and benefits in monetary terms Manage Consent
  3. Compare the present value of costs and benefits using metrics such as net present value (NPV) or benefit-cost ratio (BCR)
  4. Analyse the sensitivity of the results to changes in assumptions or inputs To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.
  5. Decide based on the CBA results and other criteria.

Key takeaways Functional

  • CBA provides a clear and transparent financial justification for a project
  • It helps prioritise projects with the highest return on investment (ROI)

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Example of a resource levelling diagram.

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Project management techniques infographic