| Phase |
Action |
Results of Successful Performance |
| Initiating |
1. Demonstrate project need and feasibility. |
A document confirming that there is a need for the project deliverables and describing, in broad terms: the deliverables, means of creating the deliverables, costs of creating and implementing the deliverables, benefits to be obtained by implementing the deliverables. |
| 2. Obtain project authorization. |
A "go/no go" decision is made by the sponsor.
A project manager is assigned.
A "project charter" is created which:
Formally recognizes the project
Is issued by a manager external to the project and at a high enough organizational level so that he or she can meet project needs
Authorizes the project manager to apply resources to project activities |
| 3. Obtain authorization for the phase. |
A "go/no go" decision is made by the sponsor which authorizes the project manager to apply organizational resources to the activities of a particular phase
Written approval of the phase is created which:
Formally recognizes the existence of the phase
Is issued by a manager external to the project and at a high enough organizational level so that he or she can meet project needs |
| Planning |
4. Describe project scope. |
Statement of project scope
Scope management plan
Work breakdown structure |
| 5. Define and sequence project activities. |
An activity list (list of all activities that will be performed on the project)
Updates to the work breakdown structure (WBS)
A project network diagram |
| 6. Estimate durations for activities and resources required. |
Estimate of durations (time required) for each activity and assumptions related to each estimate
Statement of resource requirements
Updates to activity list |
| 7. Develop a project schedule. |
Project schedule in the form of Gantt charts, network diagrams, milestone charts, or text tables
Supporting details, such as resource usage over time, cash flow projections, order/delivery schedules, etc. |
| 8. Estimate costs. |
Cost estimates for completing each activity
Supporting detail, including assumptions and constraints
Cost management plan describing how cost variances will be handled |
| 9. Build a budget and spending plan. |
A cost baseline or time-phased budget for measuring/monitoring costs
A spending plan, telling how much will be spent on what resources at what time |
| 10. Create a formal quality plan. (optional) |
Quality management plan, including operational definitions
Quality verification checklists |
| 11. Create a formal project communications plan. (optional) |
A communication management plan, including:
Collection structure
Distribution structure
Description of information to be disseminated
Schedules listing when information will be produced
A method for updating the communications plan |
| 12. Organize and acquire staff. |
Role and responsibility assignments
Staffing plan
Organizational chart with detail as appropriate
Project staff
Project team directory |
| 13. Identify risks and plan to respond. (optional) |
A document describing potential risks, including their sources, symptoms, and ways to address them |
| 14. Plan for and acquire outside resources. (optional) |
Procurement management plan describing how contractors will be obtained
Statement of work (SOW) or statement of requirements (SOR) describing the item (product or service) to be procured
Bid documents, such as RFP (request for proposal), IFB (invitation for bid),etc.
Evaluation criteria -- means of scoring contractor's proposals
Contract with one or more suppliers of goods or services |
| 15. Organize the project plan |
A comprehensive project plan that pulls together all the outputs of the preceding project planning activities |
| 16. Close out the project planning phase. |
A project plan that has been approved, in writing, by the sponsor A "green light" or okay to begin work on the project |
| 17. Revisit the project plan and replan if needed. |
Confidence that the detailed plans to execute a particular phase are still accurate and will effectively achieve results as planned. |
| Executing |
18. Execute project activities. |
Work results (deliverables) are created.
Change requests (i.e., based on expanded or contracted project) are identified.
Periodic progress reports are created.
Team performance is assessed, guided, and improved if needed.
Bids/proposals for deliverables are solicited, contractors (suppliers) are chosen, and contracts are established.
Contracts are administered to achieve desired work results. |
| Controling |
19. Control project activities. |
Decision to accept inspected deliverables
Corrective actions such as rework of deliverables, adjustments to work process, etc.
Updates to project plan and scope
List of lessons learned
Improved quality
Completed evaluation checklists (if applicable) |
| Closing |
20. Close out project activities. |
Formal acceptance, documented in writing, that the sponsor has accepted the product of this phase or activity.
Formal acceptance of contractor work products and updates to the contractor's files.
Updated project records prepared for archiving.
A plan for follow-up and/or hand-off of work products |
| FromThe Project Manager's Partner © Copyright 1996, 2001 Michael Greer & HRD Press |
20 Key Project Manager Actions and Results
